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- < INC-PROJECT, WINSTON-RFC.NLS.6, >, 11-Jun-85 21:31-PDT JBP ;;;;
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- Winston [Page 0]
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- Network Working Group Ira Winston
- Request for Comments: 948 University of Pennsylvania
- June 1985
-
- TWO METHODS FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF IP DATAGRAMS OVER
- IEEE 802.3 NETWORKS
-
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This memo describes two methods of encapsulating Internet
- Protocol (IP) [1] datagrams on an IEEE 802.3 network [2]. This RFC
- suggests a proposed protocol for the ARPA-Internet community, and
- requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Distribution
- of this memo is unlimited.
-
- Introduction
-
- The IEEE 802 project has defined a family of standards for Local Area
- Networks (LANs) that deals with the Physical and Data Link Layers as
- defined by the ISO Open System Interconnection Reference Model
- (ISO/OSI). Several Physical Layer standards (802.3, 802.4, and
- 802.5) [2, 3, 4] and one Data Link Layer Standard (802.2) [5] have
- been defined. The IEEE Physical Layer standards specify the ISO/OSI
- Physical Layer and the Media Access Control Sublayer of the ISO/OSI
- Data Link Layer. The 802.2 Data Link Layer standard specifies the
- Logical Link Control Sublayer of the ISO/OSI Data Link Layer.
-
- The 802.3 standard is based on the Ethernet Version 2.0 standard [6].
- The Ethernet Physical Layer and the 802.3 Physical Layer are
- compatible for all practical purposes however, the Ethernet Data Link
- Layer and the 802.3/802.2 Data Link Layer are incompatible.
-
- There are many existing Ethernet network installations that transmit
- IP datagrams using the Ethernet compatible standard described in [7].
- IEEE 802.3 Physical Layer compatible connections can be added to
- these networks using an an Ethernet Data Link Layer compatible method
- for transmitting IP datagrams without violating the 802.3 standard.
- Alternatively, an 802.2/802.3 Data Link Layer compatible method for
- transmitting IP datagrams can be used.
-
- Ethernet Compatible Method
-
- IEEE 802.3 networks must use 48-bit physical addresses and 10
- megabit/second bandwidth in order to be Ethernet compatible.
-
- The IEEE 802.3 packet header is identical to Ethernet packet header
- except for the meaning assigned to one of the fields in the header.
- In an Ethernet packet header this field is used as a protocol type
- field and in an 802.3 packet header the field is used as a length
- field. The maximum allowed length field value on a 10 megabit/second
-
-
- Winston [Page 1]
-
-
-
- RFC 948 June 1985
- Transmission of IP Datagrams Over IEEE 802.3 Networks
-
-
- 802.3 network is 1500. The 802.3 standard states that packets with a
- length field greater than the maximum allowed length field may be
- ignored, discarded, or used in a private manner. Therefore, the
- length field can be used in a private manner as a protocol type field
- as long as the protocol types being used are greater than 1500. The
- protocol type for IP, ARP and trailer encapsulation are all greater
- than 1500. Using this technique, the method for transmitting IP
- datagrams on Ethernet networks described in [7] can be used to
- transmit IP datagrams on IEEE 802.3 networks in an Ethernet
- compatible manner.
-
- IEEE 802.2/802.3 Compatible Method
-
- Frame Format
-
- IP datagrams are transmitted in standard 802.2/802.3 LLC Type 1
- Unnumbered Information format with the DSAP and SSAP fields of the
- 802.2 header set to 96, the IEEE assigned global SAP value for
- IP [8]. The data field contains the IP header followed
- immediately by the IP data.
-
- IEEE 802.3 packets have minimum size restrictions based on network
- bandwidth. When necessary, the data field should be padded (with
- octets of zero) to meet the 802.3 minimum frame size requirements.
- This padding is not part of the IP packet and is not included in
- the total length field of the IP header.
-
- IEEE 802.3 packets have maximum size restrictions based on the
- network bandwidth. Implementations are encouraged to support
- full-length packets.
-
- Gateway implementations MUST be prepared to accept full-length
- packets and fragment them when necessary.
-
- Host implementations should be prepared to accept full-length
- packets, however hosts MUST NOT send datagrams longer than 576
- octets unless they have explicit knowledge that the destination
- is prepared to accept them. A host may communicate its size
- preference in TCP based applications via the TCP Maximum
- Segment Size option [9].
-
- Note: Datagrams on 802.3 networks may be longer than the general
- Internet default maximum packet size of 576 octets. Hosts
- connected to an 802.3 network should keep this in mind when
- sending datagrams to hosts not on the same 802.3 network. It may
-
-
-
-
- Winston [Page 2]
-
-
-
- RFC 948 June 1985
- Transmission of IP Datagrams Over IEEE 802.3 Networks
-
-
- be appropriate to send smaller datagrams to avoid unnecessary
- fragmentation at intermediate gateways. Please see [9] for
- further information on this point.
-
- Address Mappings
-
- The mapping of 32-bit Internet addresses to 16-bit or 48-bit 802.3
- addresses can be done in several ways. A static table could be
- used, or a dynamic discovery procedure could be used.
-
- Static Table
-
- Each host could be provided with a table of all other hosts on
- the local network with both their 802.3 and Internet addresses.
-
- Dynamic Discovery
-
- Mappings between 32-bit Internet addresses and 802.3 addresses
- could be accomplished through a protocol similar to the
- Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) [10]. Internet
- addresses are assigned arbitrarily on some Internet networks.
- Each host's implementation must know its own Internet address
- and respond to 802.3 Address Resolution packets appropriately.
- It should also use ARP to translate Internet addresses to 802.3
- addresses when needed.
-
- Broadcast Address
-
- The broadcast Internet address (the address on that network
- with a host part of all binary ones) should be mapped to the
- broadcast 802.3 address (of all binary ones).
-
- The use of the ARP dynamic discovery procedure is strongly
- recommended.
-
- Trailer Formats
-
- Some versions of Unix 4.2bsd use a different encapsulation method
- in order to get better network performance with the VAX virtual
- memory architecture. Consenting systems on the same 802.3 network
- may use this format between themselves. Details of the trailer
- encapsulation method may be found in [11].
-
-
-
-
-
-
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- Winston [Page 3]
-
-
-
- RFC 948 June 1985
- Transmission of IP Datagrams Over IEEE 802.3 Networks
-
-
- Byte Order
-
- As described in Appendix B of the Internet Protocol specification
- [1], the IP datagram is transmitted over 802.2/802.3 networks as a
- series of 8-bit bytes.
-
- Conclusion
-
- The two encapsulation methods presented can be mixed on the same
- local area network; however, this would partition the network into
- two incompatible subnetworks. One host on a network could support
- both methods and act as a gateway between the two subnetworks;
- however, this would introduce a significant performance penalty and
- should be avoided.
-
- The IEEE 802.2/802.3 compatible encapsulation method is preferable to
- the Ethernet compatible method because the IEEE 802.2 and IEEE 802.3
- standards have been accepted both nationally and internationally and
- because the same encapsulation method could be used on other IEEE 802
- Physical Layer implementations. However, there are many existing
- installations that are using IP on Ethernet and a controlled
- transition from Ethernet to IEEE 802.2/802.3 is necessary.
-
- To this end, all new implementations should allow for a static choice
- of encapsulation methods and all existing implementations should be
- modified to provide this static choice as well. During the
- transition, all hosts on the same network would use the Ethernet
- compatible method. After 802.2/802.3 support has been added to all
- existing implementations, the IEEE 802.2/802.3 method would be used
- and the transition would be complete.
-
- References
-
- [1] Postel, J. "Internet Protocol". RFC-791, USC/Information
- Sciences Institute, September 1981.
-
- [2] The Institute of Electronics and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
- "IEEE Standards for Local Area Networks: Carrier Sense Multiple
- Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Access Method and
- Physical Layer Specifications". The Institute of Electronics
- and Electronics Engineers, Inc., New York, New York, 1985.
-
- [3] The Institute of Electronics and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
- "IEEE Standards for Local Area Networks: Token-Passing Bus
- Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications". The Institute
- of Electronics and Electronics Engineers, Inc., New York, New
- York, 1985.
-
-
- Winston [Page 4]
-
-
-
- RFC 948 June 1985
- Transmission of IP Datagrams Over IEEE 802.3 Networks
-
-
- [4] The Institute of Electronics and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
- "IEEE Standards for Local Area Networks: Token Ring Access
- Method and Physical Layer Specifications". The Institute of
- Electronics and Electronics Engineers, Inc., New York, New York,
- 1985.
-
- [5] The Institute of Electronics and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
- "IEEE Standards for Local Area Networks: Logical Link Control".
- The Institute of Electronics and Electronics Engineers, Inc.,
- New York, New York, 1985.
-
- [6] "The Ethernet, Physical and Data Link Layer Specifications,
- Version 2.0". Digital Equipment Corporation, Intel Corporation,
- and Xerox Corporation, 1982.
-
- [7] Hornig, C. "A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams
- over Ethernet Networks". RFC-894, Symbolics Cambridge Research
- Center, April 1984.
-
- [8] Reynolds, J., and Postel, J. "Assigned Numbers". RFC-943,
- USC/Information Sciences Institute, April 1985.
-
- [9] Postel, J. "The TCP Maximum Segment Size Option and Related
- Topics". RFC-879, USC/Information Sciences Institute,
- November 1983.
-
- [10] Plummer, D. "An Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol".
- RFC-826, Symbolics Cambridge Research Center, November 1982.
-
- [11] Leffler, S., and Karels, M. "Trailer Encapsulations". RFC-893,
- University of California at Berkeley, April 1984.
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- Winston [Page 5]
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